Vaccine Cold Chain: Part 1. Proper Handling and Storage of Vaccine

Preventing cold chain failure: vaccine storage and handling.

Weak link in vaccine cold chain.

pill at some time about their knowledge of appropriate secondary methods of contraception to be used in the event of forgotten pills, severe vomiting, severe diarrhoea, and concurrent antibiotic treatment. Four correct replies were given by 70 (19%) of the 372 patients instructed by general practitioners and 25 (50%) of the 50 instructed in community family planning clinics. This difference was...

[Visibility of the vaccine cold chain in Spain].

Over the last fifty years, the implementation of the vaccine cold chain in Spain has gone through different stages. Related published articles, from the first polio vaccination campaigns until the mid-eighties, show a rudimentary and proactive organization with limited resources. 1990 brought a stage of awareness, when national and regional healthcare authorities started to pay greater attentio...

[The fragile beginning of the vaccine cold chain in Spain].

Two studies aiming to analyze the vaccine cold chain throughout Spain, performed from 1988-89, sparked interest in vaccine logistics among public health authorities. The studies were performed using evaluation methodology based on cold chain monitor cards with a time-temperature indicator (Battersby's report) and cross-sectional surveys on the conditions of the cold chain (Ferrando's report) in...

Caution needed in using oral polio vaccine beyond the cold chain: Vaccine vial monitors may be unreliable at high temperatures

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Stabilized live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used to immunize children up to the age of five years to prevent poliomyelitis. It is strongly advised that the cold-chain should be maintained until the vaccine is administered. It is assumed, that vaccine vial monitors (VVMs) are reliable at all temperatures. VVMs are tested at 37°C and it is assumed that the label...